Volume Boot Recordcommonly known as Partition Boot Sector, a type of boot sector, stored on a specific partition on a hard drive or other storage device, containing the computer code needed to initiate the boot process.
A component of the Volume Boot Record that is specific to the operating system or the program itself and is what is used to load the operating system or software, known as the Volume Boot Code. The other is the Disk Parameter Block or Media Parameter Block, which contains information about the volume such as its label, capacity, serial number, etc.
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VBR is also an acronym for Variable Bit Rate, which has nothing to do with a boot sector but instead refers to the number of bits processed over time. It is the opposite of Constant Bit Rate (CBR or constant bit rate).
Volume Boot Record is often abbreviated as VBR, but is also sometimes referred to as Partition Boot Sector, Partition Boot Record, Boot Block, and Volume Boot Sector.
Repairing a Volume Boot Record
If the Volume Boot Code is corrupted or configured in an incorrect way, you can repair it by writing a fresh copy of the boot code to the system partition.
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The steps involved in writing a new Volume Boot Code depend on the version of Windows you are using. Refer to the article: How to write a new Partition Boot Sector to the Windows system partition.
More information about Volume Boot Record
The Volume Boot Record is created when the partition is formatted. VBR is located on the first sector of the partition. However, if the device is not partitioned, such as when you are dealing with a floppy disk, the Volume Boot Record is located in the first sector of the entire device.
Master Boot Record is another type of boot sector. If a device has one or more partitions, the Master Boot Record is located in the first sector of the entire device.
All drives have only one Master Boot Record, but it is possible to have multiple Volume Boot Records, for the simple fact that a storage device can hold multiple partitions, each with its own Volume Boot Record.
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The computer code is stored in the Volume Boot Record, booted by the BIOS, Master Boot Record or the boot manager. If the boot manager is used to invoke the Volume Boot Record, it is called chain loading (a method used by computer programs to replace the currently executing program with a new one, using use a common data area to transfer information from the current program to the new program).
NTLDR is a boot loader for some versions of Windows (XP and above). If you have more than one operating system installed on your hard drive, it will take specific code related to the different operating systems and put them together into a Volume Boot Record, so that before any operating system to boot, you can choose an operating system to boot. Newer versions of Windows have replaced NTLDR with BOOTMGR and winload.exe.
Also in the Volume Boot Record is information related to the partition's file system, such as NTFS or FAT, as well as where the MFT and MFT Mirror are located (if the partition is formatted in NTFS).
The Volume Boot Record is a common target for viruses because its code starts even before the operating system can load and executes automatically without any user intervention.
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