What is Planning? Roles and planning process

Planning

Concept

Planning in English called Planning.

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Planning It is the process of identifying goals and choosing courses of action to achieve those goals.

Role

The role of planning

Coping with uncertainty and change

Exploiting and effectively using the organization's resources, improving the organization's competitive position in the operating environment

Unify the interaction activities between departments in the organization

Planning makes control easy

Process

Planning process

Step 1: Environmental analysis

The purpose of environmental analysis is to identify strengths and weaknesses and to find opportunities and uncover challenges posed to the organization.

Step 2: Determine the target

See also: New features

Objectives will define the results to be achieved and indicate the end points in the work to be done. The goals set out should be clearly defined in terms of deadlines and quantified to the greatest extent possible.

The organization's objective system should be classified on the following grounds:

– Prioritization of the target

- Time: Short, medium and long term goals

– Different departments and groups in the organization: Including goals of shareholders, goals of the board of directors, goals of employees...

Step 3: Develop plans

In this step, it is necessary to find and study the action options to choose from. Each option includes:

Plan solutions: help answer the question what to do to achieve the goal?

Tools for achieving goals: Help answer the question of how to achieve the goal?

Step 4: Evaluate and select the optimal solution

After finding an alternative that considers their strengths and weaknesses, the next step is to find a way to evaluate the alternatives according to the criteria that are appropriate to the goal and most faithful to the identified premises.

When the options are considered and evaluated, they should be based on some of the following bases:

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– Which plan accomplishes the goal and has the strongest impact on the goal.

Which plan effectively uses the resources of the organization.

- Which option has low cost.

– Which plan creates the support of all levels of managers and implementers.

– Which option best reflects the selected system of standards.

Step 5: Decide on a plan

Choosing an action plan is the moment when the plan is approved, the real time to make a decision.

Sometimes the analysis and evaluation of options shows that there are two or more suitable options that the manager can decide to implement several options rather than just using the best one.

At this point it is also necessary to make a decision to allocate the people and other resources of the organization to the implementation of the plan. By the time the decision is made, the planning cannot be finished, but needs sub-plans to support it.

Once the decision has been announced, the plan has been developed, the final step in making the plan meaningful as stated when discussing plans is to quantify them by converting them to a budget.

If run well, the budget becomes a vehicle for combining different plans and an important benchmark by which to measure the plan's progress.

(References: Organization and organization management, Distance learning center, National Economics University)

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