What is an adp?

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Adenoine triphophate (ATP) is a molecule that carries energy between biochemical reactions in cells. Hence, it is called the “molecular currency”.

Content:

Main difference; ATP vs ADP

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that carries energy between biochemical reactions in cells. Therefore, it is called the “molecular currency” of the intracellular energy transfer of the cell. ATP is produced as a result of photophosphorylation in plants. In animals and other organisms, ATP is produced by cellular respiration or by fermentation. ATP is consumed by various metabolic processes, converting it to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Both ATP and ADP are composed of a sugar ribose, adenosine, and a phosphate molecule. The main structural difference; between ATP and ADP is ATP consists of three phosphate molecules while ADP molecule is composed of two phosphate molecules.

Main areas; covered

1. What is ATP? – Definition, structure, role 2. What is ADP? – Definition, structure, role 3. What are the similarities between ATP and ADP – Outline of popular features; 4. What is the structural difference between ATP and ADP – Compare key differences;

Key Terms; Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP), Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), Cellular Respiration, Fermentation, Homeostasis, Phosphate, Photophosphorylation

What is ATP?

An adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a high-energy molecule that stores energy. It is considered the energy currency of life. All physiological mechanisms are powered by energy stored in ATP. ATP can be found in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of the cell. More than 2 x 1026 ATP molecules are produced daily inside the cell. In animals, ATP is produced by cellular respiration. The three main steps of cellular respiration are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria are the organs responsible for ATP production in animals. thienmaonline.vn organisms that produce ATP by fermentation. In plants, ATP is produced by photophosphorylation.

Structure of ATP

The structure of ATP is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: ATP

The ATP molecule consists of one ribose, one adenosine, and three phosphate groups. The first phosphate molecule is called the alpha phosphate group. The second is beta while the third is the gamma phosphate group. The three phosphate molecules are linked through negatively charged oxygen molecules. The two bonds that link each phosphate group are called phosphoanhydride bond. Since each oxygen molecule wants to repel each other due to the same charge; each bond that binds the phosphate groups has a lot of potential energy. The phosphoanhydride bond linking the third phosphate group includes the highest energy. This energy is used during mitosis and maintaining homeostasis.

What is ADP?

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) refers to the organic compound that serves as the end product of the energy transfer of ATP. It is one of the most important and one of the most numerous molecules in the cell. ADP is a component of nucleic acids as well.

Structure of ADP

The structure of ADP is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2: ADP

An ADP molecule consists of one ribose, adenosine, and two phosphate molecules. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) consists of a single phosphate molecule bound to ribose.

Similarities Between ATP and ADP

ATP and ADP are two types of nucleotides, which include ribose, adenosine, and phosphate group. Both ATP and ADP are involved in the transfer of energy between biochemical reactions.

Structural difference between ATP and ADP

Define

ATP: ATP refers to an organic molecule that contains one adenosine and three phosphate molecules and serves as the energy currency of the cell.

ADP: ADP refers to the organic compound that serves as the end product of ATP's energy transfer.

Short form

ATP: ATP is the short form of adenosine triphosphate.

ADP: ADP is the short form of adenosine diphosphate.

Chemical formula

ATP: The chemical formula of ATP is C10H16N5O13P3.

ADP: The chemical formula of ADP is C10H15N5O10P2.

Molecular Mass

ATP: The molecular mass of ATP is 507.18 g/mol.

ADVERTISEMENT: The molecular mass of ADP is 427,201 g/mol.

Number of phosphate molecules

ATP: An ATP molecule consists of three phosphate molecules.

ADVERTISEMENT: An ADP molecule is composed of two phosphate molecules.

Amount of energy stored

ATP: One ATP molecule stores more energy than in the third phosphate molecule.

ADVERTISEMENT: An ADP molecule stores less energy because it has two phosphate molecules.

Convert

ATP: During the conversion of ATP to ADP, the third phosphate molecule is hydrolyzed by water, releasing energy.

ADVERTISEMENT: During the conversion of ADP to ATP, a third phosphate molecule is added to ADP using energy from food.

Procedure

ATP: ATP is produced from ADP by photophosphorylation, fermentation, and cellular respiration.

ADVERTISEMENT: ADP is produced from ATP by mitosis and maintains homeostasis.

Conclusion

ATP and ADP are two types of nucleotides mainly involved in energy transfer between biochemical reactions in cells. Both ATP and ADP are composed of a ribose sugar, adenosine, and a phosphate group. ATP molecule is composed of three phosphate molecules while ADP is composed of two phosphate molecules. The key difference between ATP and ADP is the number of phosphate molecules in each type of nucleotide.

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