DNS (Domain Name System – domain name resolution system) is a system that makes it easier for humans and computers to communicate. Humans use names, computers use numbers, DNS is a system that translates hostnames (domain names) into numbers that computers can understand. It's just like the Contacts app on your phone!
Basically, DNS is a database system that translates website names into IP addresses. The information of each domain name corresponding to which IP address is recorded in a "directory library", and this library is stored on domain name servers.
Now, let's learn how DNS works, it will help you better understand what DNS is.
How does DNS work?
DNS works step by step according to the structure of DNS. The first step is called DNS query, a query for information.
We use the scenario where we search the website by typing the domain name into the web browser (for example, www.google.com). First, the DNS server will look for resolution information in filehosts – a text file in the operating system responsible for converting hostnames to IP addresses. If the information is not found, it will search cache – hardware or software cache. The most common places to store this cache information are your browser's clipboard and your browser's clipboard Internet Service Providers (ISPs). If you do not receive the information, you will see an error code pop up.
In total, there are about 4 types of servers participating in the domain name resolution system
DNS Recursor
DNS recursor is a server that plays the role of communicating with other servers to replace it as a response task for the client (user browser). It is like a diligent employee taking on the task of getting and returning information to the client (browser) to find the right information they need. To get the information, the DNS recursor may need to call Root DNS Server to help.
Root Nameserver
The Root DNS Server, also commonly referred to as the nameserver, is the most important server in the DNS hierarchy. It has no specific name. You can think of it as a library to navigate your search.
In fact, the DNS recursive resolver will forward the request to Root Nameserver. This server will then respond that it should look in specific top-level domain name servers (TLD nameservers).
TLD Nameserver
When you want to access Google or Facebook, usually your extension will be .with. It is one of the top-level domains. The server for this type of top-level domain is called a TLD nameserver. It is responsible for managing all information of a common domain name extension.
For example when you type www.google.com in the browser, TLD .with will respond from a DNS resolver to recommend it a Authoritative DNS server. Authoritative Name Server is the official place that contains the data source of that domain.
Authoritative Nameserver
When a DNS resolver finds an authoritative nameserver, this is where domain name resolution takes place. The authoritative nameserver contains information about which addresses the domain name is associated with. It will give the recursive resolver the necessary IP address found in its records directory.
How to change DNS information of a domain name?
Changing DNS information in Hostinger's control panel is very simple. You just need to log in to the control panel of your Hostinger account and access the DNS Zone Editor .
In DNS Zone Editor, you will see DNS record types, which you can edit, add, or delete.
What are DNS record types?
- A Record
It is the simplest and most commonly used DNS record used to point a website name to a specific IP address. You can add a new name, TTL (Time to Live, auto-reload time of records), Points to (point to which IP). - CNAME record
As a record that acts as one or more other names for the primary domain, you can create a new name, point to what the original name is, set a TTL. - MX record
An MX record is a record that specifies which server manages that domain's email services. You can point the domain name to the mail server, set the priority, set the TTL. - TXT record
As a record that helps you to contain textual information (text) of the domain name, you can add a new Host, TXT Value, TTL (Time to Live), Points to. - AAAA record
Also an A record, but used to point the domain to an IPV6 address. You can add new host, IPv6, TTL. - NS record
The DNS server records of the domain name help you specify the nameserver for each subdomain. You can create new host, nameserver name (NS), TTL (Time to Live). - SRV record
A special record in the Domain Name System used to determine exactly which service runs on which port, here you can add Priority, Name, Weight, Port, Points to, TTL.
See also how to point domains for details on when to use which records and how to set the records correctly.
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Epilogue
Okay, so now you know what DNS is. Thanks to understanding how it works, you can now confidently buy yourself a domain name, or know the importance of records in the domain management page, right?
Hai G. is an expert in managing and operating website services. He has many years of experience in VPS, Hosting, technical SEO, CMS. Especially love WordPress and have been using it for over 5 years now. His hobbies are reading, blogging, traveling and mentoring young people to start a business.
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